Models

Word	Definition
Earth Science	the study of Earth and its surrounding spaces
Coordinate System	represents a location on a grid system by where two coordinates meet.
Inference	conclusion or prediction based on observation and knowledge.
Observation	information obtained by five senses or measured by instruments (rulers, thermometers)
Density	describes the concentration of matter by the ratio of mass to volume.
Unit	the standard of measurements by which other measurements are compared to.
Oblate spheroid	a nearly perfect sphere that is slightly flat on the top and bottom and slightly bulging on its side.
Lithosphere	the rocky, solid (rigid) outer layer of the Earth.
Isoline	a line along which the field value remains the same
Isotherm	an isoline along which the temperature remains the same.
Contour line	an isoline along which the elevation remains the same
Topographic Map	a map with contour lines connecting places with the same elevation.
Gradient	the change in field value divided by distance.
Profile	Cross section; cutaway view.

Word

Definition

Earth Science

the study of Earth and its surrounding spaces

Coordinate System

represents a location on a grid system by where two coordinates meet.

Inference

conclusion or prediction based on observation and knowledge.

Observation

information obtained by five senses or measured by instruments (rulers, thermometers)

Density

describes the concentration of matter by the ratio of mass to volume.

Unit

the standard of measurements by which other measurements are compared to.

Oblate spheroid

a nearly perfect sphere that is slightly flat on the top and bottom and slightly bulging on its side.

Lithosphere

the rocky, solid (rigid) outer layer of the Earth.

Isoline

a line along which the field value remains the same

Isotherm

an isoline along which the temperature remains the same.

Contour line

an isoline along which the elevation remains the same

Topographic Map

a map with contour lines connecting places with the same elevation.

Gradient

the change in field value divided by distance.

Profile

Cross section; cutaway view.

The same substance always has the same density.
For most substance, they are most dense in solid state, less dense in liquid state, and least dense in gas state.
Water expands when it freezes.
Water is most dense at 4°C, when it is a liquid.
As pressure increases, density increases.
As temperature increases, density decreases.
The true shape of the earth is an OBLATE SPHEROID.
A very good approximate representation (model) of the earth's shape is a sphere.
The altitude of Polaris equals your latitude.
Latitude lines go east-west, just like the equator, but measure distances north or south.
Longitude lines go north-south, but measure distances east or west.
Longitude is based on observations of the sun.(1 line=15 degrees=1 hour)
The closer isolines (contour-isobar-isotherm) are, the steeper the slope or gradient.
The earth rotates west to east at 15 degrees per hour (24 hours = 1 Day).
The earth revolves around the sun counter-clockwise(365 1/4 days=1 Year).
All celestial objects APPEAR to rise in the east and move west.
IF YOU CUT AN OBJECT INTO PIECES, YOU DON'T CHANGE ITS DENSITY.

Example 1